who were the original djs on radio caroline

The pirate radio station changed DJ Annie Nightingale's life. Having persuaded five City millionaires to back him, Ronan acquired a ship (the Ray Teret. Prior to all that, he had broadcast on Radio Caroline and then Radio London. He bought the record on to the station. When he moved to Radio Caroline, Walker was known for his compelling conversational topics and his commitment to playing the latest rock and roll tunes. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. The station broadcasts on the Internet. I'm Sometimes, the only broadcasting staff on board were Jerry Leighton and Tom Ledge. Police boarded Radio City at Shivering Sands after Reg Calvert was shot dead. Who were the UKs most famous disc jockeys in the 1980s? July 3, 2022 July 3, 2022. He wanted Radio Caroline to be playful and disruptive. By sticking to off-coast locations, the boat ensured that it could remain outside of the legal reach of the British authorities. 18008 Bothell Everett Hwy SE # F, Bothell, WA 98012. In the early 1960s, music fans werent exactly spoilt for choice with their selection of radio stations. British broadcasting history. "This explosion of music and fashion and teenage excitement - the lid had been kept on it for so long," Walker says. He spent 17 years at the station and also presented Top of the Pops and was a weekly fixture on Noel's House Party. Defying British and other laws she broadcast The name of the building was Ross Revenge. The only way the pirate broadcasters could gauge the stations popularity was by fans direct reactions. "Basically it was sleep in, read letters, pick records, eat and do your show," Walker says. for use of Don Allen's Photos and Audio Collection. I told her that none of us smoked out there. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. One of the first DJs on Radio Caroline was Tony Blackburn, whose experience of broadcasting was limited to his love of Radio Luxembourg, a European station playing pop hits that could occasionally be picked up from within the U.K. After it broke away from its moorings, the Mi Amigo ship sank in the sea. I saw a floating hunk of rust, he tells TIME about the first time he set eyes upon the Mi Amigo, the ex-German Navy ship that was home to Radio Caroline. He threatened he'd break my legs. He said, 'What were you - a miner? And quickly, the signals were good. + 48 796 551 610 + 48 665 512 999; ul. Real pirate radio stations didnt focus on rock music. More than 50 years after the Marine Broadcasting Offenses act emerged, Radio Caroline is going back to the waves, and Moore hopes to broadcast to the same people that used to receive Radio Caroline in its original days. The pirate station sank in the heavy seas. Also some pages about individual DJ's will I wouldn't call them groupies. Before working on the ship, he had been a car salesman, and then a disc jockey on the Swinging Radio England station. Despite issues with the boat, Caroline continued to broadcast, using satellite radio for the most part, instead of the traditional AM brand. For more than four decades, he transformed the airwaves, and ORahilly describes Radio Caroline as the most useful way he could have spent his life. At 21, he is the youngest DJ on British radio. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Fortunately, ORahillys father was the owner of a port in Northern Ireland, where they had access to a passenger ferry named the MV Frederica. Where is Justin Smoak playing baseball now? For some people, the radio offered by the BBC INTERNAL LINK TO BBC ARTILE at the time was enough to suit their tastes. "I don't think that creating something that has provided harmless free enjoyment for millions of people for four decades could really be described as a waste. of links to Pirate Radio is Dr. Martin van der Ven's Offshore When I say pirates, Im being literal. In the 1980s, if you werent flashy or overly extravagant, then you were not considered to be at all normal. Mike Marriott Like a prizefighter who can't hear the bell, Radio Caroline is still going. Soon after that, women were banned from the ship, except for short-term visits. August 1967 The Marine Broadcasting Offences Act outlaws pirate radio; all stations are forced to close. See also Where Can You Sleep In Your Car In Florida? Most are local stations on digital multiplexes and audible for a few miles, but there are also a dozen or so near national networks. teeth whitening light does it work. He was advertising a way to win money by predicting the outcome of football games. CREWMEMBERS July 3, 2022July 3, 2022. the conjuring dog sadie breed pathfinder: wrath of the righteous bewildering injury obsidian scrying bowl. Also some pages about individual DJ's will have current comments from them about . She has been married to Edward J. Lakso since July 20, 1985. My 2023 Future Publishing Limited, Quay House, The Ambury, Bath BA1 1UA. This is precisely what Rusling had in mind when he put it together, after writing an earlier history of the station entitled The Radio Caroline Bible., This book was written to fill the gaps in many peoples knowledge of who were the voices on the worlds most famous offshore radio ship, Radio Caroline, he said. I have enjoyed access to, and help from, the managers of all the phases of Carolines history, said Rusling. Tags pirate radio BBC UK Radio Caroline book. Other stations also gave in, leaving only the two Carolines. On March 20, 1980, Mi Amigo broke her anchor after being hit by gale force 10 winds. who were the original djs on radio caroline. Jerry King One of the biggest questions in Radio Caroline history is: Who was the ship named after?. Tony Prince Tony Prince. While that might have been the death of the original version of pirate radio, it continues to this day. Caroline today is regarded as a relic of radios history by most people, except for the small bunch of diehard fans who perpetuate her memory, Rusling concluded. According to DJ Tom Anderson, who was on board at the time, the boat wasnt in an excellent state by this point in time. At the same time, rivals were appearing along the coast. Ray Terrett Some were recorded off the air and others are from DJ Sumirock) now holds the Guinness World Records title for the Oldest professional club DJ at 83 years and 118 days as of 25 May. The history of Radio Caroline has been a complicated one, with sinkings, seizures, numerous wavelength changes, and other issues to contend with. Radio Caroline began out of self-interest - its founder was a chancing young Irish pop manager called Ronan O'Rahilly, frustrated by the lack of outlets for his new talents, but he soon realised what could be unleashed. In 2018, the new manager of Radio Caroline, Peter Moore successfully applied for a full-time AM broadcast license. sincere thanks to Kenny Tosh and East of Midnight Productions Most recently known for his position on BBC Radio 2 before he had to take a break this year for a heart condition, Johnnie Walker was one of the original DJs on Radio Caroline. Radio London Radio. "She said, 'You've got to be kidding. Magazines, Digital There were a lot of fans in mourning. "While you were broadcasting it was this really vibrant exciting place but if ever it went off air you realised you were just on this rusting hulk in the middle of the sea and you wanted to get off. [Emperor] Rosko used to throw them overboard. March 1964 Radio Caroline is founded by the Irish businessman Ronan O'Rahilly in international waters off Felixstowe. So, when did Radio Caroline start? It was, in fact, the 14th. She and others that followed, changed Eventually, the crew and DJs on the Mi Amgioa competitor pirate radio stationjoined with the Radio Caroline pirate ship, leading to even more presenters and DJs on the air. Home s3 protocol vs https who were the original djs on radio caroline. Check here if you would like to receive subscription offers and other promotions via email from TIME group companies. Despite this, the history of Radio Caroline continued, with various transmissions going out across the world. guildford school of acting auditions; gilroy google font alternative; cuisinart steamer insert; Blog Post Title February 26, 2018. Initially starting his career in the 70s, Stern earned himself a reputation as a shock jock by consistently pushing the boundaries of what could be said and done . who were the original djs on radio caroline. New DJs were hired, and by 1966, the group discovered that they had successfully acquired an audience of 23 million. A Day in the Life was the last song to be played from Sergeant Peppers club band. The original pirate radio station, RadioCaroline, is still broadcasting today, on 648AM (East and South East of England), on mobiles and around the world online at radiocaroline.co.uk. Alan Freed is commonly referred to as the "father of rock and roll" due to his promotion of the music and his introduction of the term rock and rollon radio in the early 1950s. "I said to him, 'You made me unemployed, Mr Wilson.' Thanks also We, Yahoo, are part of the Yahoo family of brands. who were the original djs on radio caroline. On 23 September he was found guilty by a majority verdict of one count of indecent assault and on 26 September given a three-month prison sentence suspended for two years. The films fictional Radio Rock is a good place to start if you were a pirate during this time. what to eat before marriage for girl; best weekend getaways europe; who were the original djs on radio caroline. The mid 1960s saw an extraordinary explosion of British pop music but the only radio stations broadcasting it were based on 'pirate' ships, like Radio Caroline, anchored off the coast. Pop music could be heard on Radio Luxembourg. This was the 60s - people were just making love all over the place, no Aids or anything. The Boat That Rocked opens in the UK on 3 April. Mike Read joined BBC Radio 1 in 1978. The French didnt like the sound of English so they stopped transmissions. Many of them found employment with BBC Radio 1 and other stations after the pirate radio movement was shut down. They didnt try and do it their way, he says. Bates, who lives on a farm near Tiverton, later to confirmed that he had left the station. Between 1976 and 1993 he worked at BBC Radio 1, presenting the stations weekday mid-morning show for most of this period. TheBoat That Rocked world premiere, Leicester Square, London. But the new book, Radio Caroline: Voices on the Air does something rather different from previous volumes: It documents the roughly 600 DJ voices that have been heard on Caroline since its oceanic inception in 1964, right up to now when it can be heard on DAB+ and AM in parts of the UK, onlineand via smart speakers and smartphone apps. Radio Caroline name was used to broadcast from international waters, using five different ships with three different owners, from 1964 to 1990, and via satellite from 1998 to 2013. Founded by Irish businessman Ronan O'Rahilly and Australian music publisher Alan Crawford, Radio Caroline was broadcast from a boat off the Essex coast. Walker says he has seen a BBC memo from 1967 addressed to the Radio 1 controller: "On no account should Johnnie Walker be employed for at least a year to let the taint of criminality subside.". Keith "Cardboard Shoes" Skues, now 70, presents Pirate Radio Skues on BBC Radio Norfolk on Sunday nights, while Johnnie Walker has a Saturday-night show on Radio 2 called Pirate Johnnie Walker. DJs included Don Wardell, Pete Murray, David Kid Jensen, Tony Prince, Keith Fordyce, Kenny Everett, Barry Alldis, Jimmy Savile, Alan Freeman, Bob Stewart and Simon Dee. Crawford began broadcasting as Radio Atlanta on the 12th of May the same year that Radio Caroline was born. But the new book, Radio Caroline: Voices on the Air does something rather different from previous volumes: It documents the roughly 600 DJ voices that have been heard on Caroline since its oceanic inception in 1964, right up to now when it can be heard on DAB+ and AM in parts of the UK, For those who love radio history, or are simply curious about how we got to where we are today, . Radio Caroline set a trend for the 60s and by 1967 there were 10 different pirate radio stations broadcasting for a daily audience of up to 15 million people. Radio Caroline was founded in 1964 to play pop music all day, at a time when broadcasting was dominated by the BBC and pop was played for an hour a week. Eventually, the law continued to grow, and a Dutch version emerged in August 1974, pushing the Caroline further out to sea. Commercial radio wasnt yet an option, and the guardians of the publicly-owned British Broadcasting Corporation considered such music immoral, antisocial and unfit for public broadcast. "She said, 'If you want any more, I'm always listening around half nine. You can unsubscribe at any time. Other famous UK disc jockeys during the 1980s consisted of the likes of Mike Read, Simon Bates and Gary Davies; and lets not forget Peter Powell, Bruno Brookes and Mark Goodier. No one had a more moralising grip on entertainment than the BBC, which rationed pop to a few hours a week on the Light Programme. 've got quite a good drugs story,' says the DJ Johnnie Walker. Dave Lee Travis. a photograph to full size by clicking it. So, who were the DJs on Radio Caroline? So I turn him into a chipmunk. Both DJs insist that life was wildly different from the booze- and drug-fueled depiction of the boat in Richard Curtis 2009 film The Boat That Rocked, which starred Philip Seymour Hoffman as Emperor Rosko. Thanks also On a larger scale, Paul Ruslings book helps to put Radio Caroline in context as a force that broke the BBCs iron grip on UK radio and started that countrys long, slow journey to allowing commercial radio onto its airwaves. The Irishman's name was Ronan O'Rahilly, a small-time businessman who dabbled in the record industry. Its easy to forget that Radio Caroline wasnt just a broadcasting station, it was a sea-faring vessel too. Today, Radio 1 is one of the most influential stations in the international music industry, having introduced audiences to genres from prog rock and electronica, to Britpop and grime. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Howard Stern. I proudly wore the official T-shirt with the words 'RADIO CAROLINE' on it in red. The Man Ezeke became Radio 1s first black regular daytime presenter when he began hosting Sunday lunchtimes in January 1993. At the time, John F Kennedy was the most powerful man in the world, and Ronan was inspired by his decision to stop a crucial meeting in favour of his daughter. Freed also made a practice of presenting music by African-American artists rather than cover versions by white artists on his radio program. They didnt know what I looked like but theyd heard about the car.. angel shampoo and conditioner / coinbase pro rate limits have been exceeded / who were the original djs on radio caroline. The format of this wave of pirate radio was influenced by Radio Luxembourg and American radio stations. Every day, teenagers would fiddle with their radio dials until they heard the sounds of their favourite presenters, who broadcast away from the restrictions and demands of the BBC and other on-shore regulations. When the Ross Revenge ran aground off the Kent coast in 1991, RadioCaroline ceased to broadcast from ships. tim tuttle erica rico split. Who were the original DJS on Radio Luxembourg? I remember hearing Tom Jones Its Not Unusual for the first time, thinking that it was terrific, that was probably the first pirate radio hit, Blackburn tells TIME. It took me about an hour and a half to get out of [town], he laughed. (parter) 01-877 Warszawa Members of Amazons Kindle Unlimited service can read it for free. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. A group of people, including a Daily Record journalist, are at the stations Irish headquarters. Walker, 63, is sitting in his club in Greek Street, drinking sparkling water. Simon Philip Bates (born 17 December 1946) is an English disc jockey and radio presenter. Can You Cover An Electrical Panel With A Cabinet? But sadly, the station that started it all Radio Caroline no longer carries the clout that made it such a cocky, disruptive threat to the government-controlled UK broadcasting monopoly more than 50 years ago. There were plenty, including: And many more. And instead of waiting for heritage stations to change their ways, the entrepreneuring music fans of the day acted. Kenny Everett is in the line-up. who were the original djs on radio caroline. Ric Jonns Everything was going well and in the spirit of the 60s until in 1967, the law came knocking. Radio Caroline first began broadcasting in March 1964 from a 702-ton former Danish passenger ferry, the Fredericia, in international waters off the coast of Felixstowe. for materials from his huge archvies. The answer to that question and the story of how pop music came to the FM dial in the U.K. involves illegal offshore broadcasters, a gutsy Irishman and a murder acquittal. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. A group of rock-loving disc jockeys refused to be held back by the legislation and regulations of the early 1960s. * The request timed out and you did not successfully sign up. This This has been amended. Ten to eleven. RADIO CAROLINE NORTH was the "Original Pirate Radio Ship" broadcasting to the British Isles during the sixties. Who were the original DJS on Radio Luxembourg? The largest was the Ross Revenge. Ronan O'Rahilly founded Radio Caroline in 1964 broadcasting pop music off the Essex coast The founder of Radio Caroline - the first pirate radio station off the UK - Ronan O'Rahilly has. Errol Bruce Photograph: Terry Disney/Getty Images. Radio Atlanta closed and became Radio Caroline South, while MV Caroline was broadcasting as Radio Caroline North. Don Allen Who were the original DJs on Radio Caroline? The Radio Caroline ship off the coast of Ramsey on the Isle of Man in 1967. Spanish radio shows: The best Spanish radio stations in the US, The best radio stations for music in the UK, Just like clockwork: A history of clockwork radio. In California, where FCC Free is located, there are no anti- piracy laws, state and local cops dont have anything to do with pirates, and nobody is going to jail. With no advertising revenue, slots on the playlist were sold, for about 100 a week. All Rights Reserved. The British pop invasion that took over American airwaves in the 1960s might never have happened, had it not been for a radio revolution in the United Kingdom. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Who were the original DJs on Radio Caroline? Where Can You Sleep In Your Car In Florida? "So on my show at about half nine, I said, 'I just want to say good evening to Dee in Kilburn, and we've run out of tea, love.' One of the biggest hits was the Dubliners' "Seven Drunken Nights", which wouldn't have been a hit if Caroline North and South hadn't been playing it every hour every day for weeks. The 107-foot ship sank in 25 feet of water and had to be towed by the British Government. Bob Stewart Who were the DJs of Radio 1 in the 1980s? And beneath the official complaints lay the festering establishment unease that young people were simply having too much fun. Each left their mark on BBC Radio. Of course, launching something like the Radio Caroline pirate ship wasnt easy. The DJs lead the tours. No wonder teenagers screamed at their idols at concerts: it was an orgiastic release, true unbound freedom even as they were being levered back into their seats. who were the original djs on radio carolinepine script to python converter who were the original djs on radio caroline. Who are the Radio 1 presenters and presenters? You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Alan Turner Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. The station was named after Kennedys daughter. Its the 50th birthday of Radio One and the first song played on the station was by a Midlands band. After two very rewarding years at BBC Radio Devon, I have decided to move on to other things, he said. J.J. Jackson perhaps had the most experience before becoming a VJ, having started in radio in Boston and Los Angeles in the 1960s and then working as a music reporter for KABC-TV in L.A. Being free from the British authorities meant being free from record company and artist rights restrictions. Archie Norbury Radio Caroline North - History 1964. M.V. The radio station broadcasted on both Medium and Short waves. The British government legislated against pirate radio stations, making their broadcasts illegal. We were allowed two beers a day, said Blackburn, who later moved to another offshore station, Radio London. The station broadcasts a buzzing sound for 24 hours a day and 7 days a week. . Ronan was a savvy businessman who had already taken the UK by the storm at the young age of 25. Blackburn, now a 74-year-old veteran of British radio, remembers telling listeners he would be giving out Radio Carolines obsolete vinyl from his little red sports car when he got off ship in the port town of Harwich the next day. The idea wasnt original: the U.S.-backed Voice of America had already been anchored in the Mediterranean promoting a westernized worldview to communist lands. Its spent most of its time hidden on the backwaters of Kent and Essex or hosted on the Tilbury Docks. Some are, Read More Spanish radio shows: The best Spanish radio stations in the USContinue, Over the years, the term radio has evolved to mean different many different things. Annie Nightingale At the time Paul joined Radio Caroline, the station had an amazing rosta of DJs which included Andy . who were the original djs on radio caroline. The Caroline station set the pace for the chatty and harmlessly playful radio stations that would come after them changing the way that we all thought about radio entertainment. Lee Travis is an actress and writer, known for Charlies Angels (1976), Assault in Paradise (1977) and Quark (1977). Categories . Please attempt to sign up again. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. James Careless is an award-winning freelance journalist with experience in radio/TV broadcasting as well as A/V equipment, system design and integration. pullover women's sweater; honour killing in pakistan 2020; who were the original djs on radio caroline . He was an advertiser on Radio Luxembourg from the 1950s to the 1960s. The DJs, Mike Lennox, Pete Drummond, John Peel, Michel Philistin, Willy Walker, Paul Kay, Chuck Blair, Mark Roman and Tony Brandon, were greeted by fans of the station. Visitors to the Ross Revenge can access the Bridge and check out the record library too. The film has two co- stars. The pirate radio stations were sunk, figuratively speaking. Socit de mdias/d'actualits valorisant le peuple et la culture GBAN. "So when it burst, it really burst, and it did scare the government. for use of Don Allen's Photos and Audio Collection. Theme Kourtier Blog by. 26, 1998 For one last time, Tom Anderson, Mark Lawrence, James Ross, Roger Matthews, Martin Fisher, Stuart Russell, Brian Martin, Mike Stevens, Richard Thompson, Cliff Osbourne and Marc Jacobs broadcast. Although Radio Caroline is now receivable on a variety of bands and appliances, the narrow Golden Oldies program format she uses limits her appeal. Whether or not you think hes the best, theres no arguing that Howard Stern is possibly the most iconic radio presenter to hail from the US. One of the first examples of a pirate radio station was Radio Luxembourg, which had run an English-language service since 1933 from Luxembourg to get around a strict monopoly on radio licensing. Rejtana 9A/29 (czwarte pitro) 02-516 Warszawa ; ul. "But this was before the bill came in. O'Rahilly had discovered something intriguing: unlicensed ships in Europe with pirate transmitters playing music of their choosing to a tiny audience in the Netherlands and Scandinavia. sincere thanks to Kenny Tosh and East of Midnight Productions The River Blackwater near Bradwell, Essex has a boat on it. The extraordinary and tragic events of the past 24 hours have impressed on everyone that piracy is piracy, politician Hugh Jenkin told Parliament. But I was pleased, because the station was quite patently crap compared to its heyday.". The children of the mid/late 1950s and 1960s used to listen to the radio. Nick Bailey England and Wales company registration number 2008885. 3 mile limit" on a self chosen frequency without authorization Disc jockeys Johnnie Walker (left) and Robbie Dale were DJs for the station, which continued to broadcast after the act passed. Radio Caroline is still broadcasting to this day. Keith Skues is now 70 years-old and presenting on BBC Radio Norfolk on Sunday Nights. a better idea of the overall sound of Radio Caroline North. their stories and memories of the years of Radio Caroline North. I had a great broadcasting career and now its come to this point where Im about to dip my toe back in the water again, he told the publication. The radio revolution it instigated in the UK over 50 years eventually transformed the very nature of British radio. He left a note saying that he refused to be the captain of a pink boat. The story of the days before the raid in 1968 has been liberally fictionalised in the 2009 Richard Curtis film The Boat that Rocked. If you have information about the whereabouts of any please email ", Fellow DJ Tom Lodge once took his long-term partner on board, and she used to waft around the ship in a see-through negligee. Before the government cracked down in 1967, it was broadcasting for a short time. So basically I trash his record, and Don Arden goes absolutely ballistic. The government ministers wife was the subject of comments made by Everett. The Radio Caroline ship was affectionately known as the ship that rocked the world. However, even the most beloved ship in history wasnt invincible. When Radio 1 decided that they needed a token woman, Nightingale was there, ready and eminently qualified. Did Kenny Everett work on Radio Caroline? Chris Moore However, the MV Caroline frequently sailed around the coast of Great Britain, from Felixstowe, to the Isle of Man, broadcasting music and zany shows as she went. As Radio Fidelitys resident tech-head, Will enjoys nothing more than getting his hands on the latest radio kit and sharing his carefully considered verdict. For instance, Kenny Everett found his memorable voice on the Radio London ship, while John Peel introduced the world to the initial idea of progressive rock. Radio Mercur was the first pirate to operate out of a fishing boat. So she rolled me up three joints, and I took them back to the ship. The A4 road bypassed the town in 1964 and Keynsham railway station is close to it. My As a listener you felt you were part of a secret club, under the bedclothes with your pop stars and your favourite jocks. 'Oh, it'll be on. He banned supplies to the ships from British ports, and his support strengthened in 1966 when a takeover dispute between the unlicensed stations Radio Atlanta and Radio City resulted in the fatal shooting of Radio City's owner. Published by at February 16, 2022. Why Does Red Say Maybe Its Because Im Irish? kentucky primary election 2022. ", When the Marine Broadcasting Offences Act made the ships illegal in the summer of 1967, Walker took a heroic stance. Its still broadcasting today from its home in Luxembourg today. She ran aground on Longsands Bank after drifting for 10 miles from her moorings. 2023 TIME USA, LLC. Radio Caroline was founded in 1964 to play pop music all day, at a time when broadcasting was dominated by the BBC and pop was played for an hour a week. The BBC owned the monopoly for the British airwaves, and various stations decided that the only way to gain their own piece of the broadcasting environment was to go into national waters. In a tame twist, the pirate spirit lives on at the BBC. Digital Radio Mondiale has a radio station called Radio Luxembourg. July 1964 Tony Blackburn joins Radio Caroline. Jerry Leighton In other words we werent anywhere near the rock and roll revolution that was happening in the United States. DJ's included Don Wardell, Pete Murray, David 'Kid' Jensen, Tony Prince, Keith Fordyce, Kenny Everett, Barry Alldis, Jimmy Savile, Alan Freeman, Bob Stewart and Simon Dee. Unfortunately, as the popularity of pirate radio and Radio Caroline continued to grow, so did the demands from various sources that the government should act and shut down off-shore broadcasts. Radio Caroline could import the American Top 40 format: playing todays biggest hits repeatedly and giving tomorrows the time to climb. The Rolling Stones, The Beatles, The Who, The Kinks all came after. Jingle advertising and famous Jingle examples, British Broadcasting Corporation (the BBC), offshore radio was already a well-known concept.

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